Value Engineering (Ve) Is A Systematic Method To Improve

Value engineering (VE) is a systematic method to improve the value of goods or products and services by using an examination of function. Value, as defined, is the ratio of function to cost. Value can therefore be increased by either improving the function or reducing the cost. It is a primary tenet of value engineering that basic functions be preserved and not be reduced because of pursuing value improvements (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_engineering) VE is an organized/systematic approach aimed at analyzing the function of systems, equipment, facilities, services, and supplies for achieving their essential functions at the lowest life-cycle cost consistent with required performance, reliability, quality, and safety. Value†¦show more content†¦Application of value engineering on this project accelerated the job and reduced the costs. The Project was carried out at two different routes: Section I: Bregana – Zagreb The existing road was repaired and reconstructed in some areas. Section II: Basilijevo-Otocac-Sveti Rok A new road was constructed in this route Value engineering were carried out for various activities in the project. The Value Engineering for the project started at the project presentation stage. The project time and costs developed at the beginning of the project were determined by the considerable effects of these studies. The activities that reduce the costs and accelerate the jobs applied on the project are: Instead of producing a standard 4m length climbing forms used on a viaduct feet, 5m forms were produced. The special production’s cost could be ignored since the number of viaducts is high along the way. Due to the increase in length, molding workmanship and iron workmanship amount was reduced and job speed was increased. Savings were provided for the construction company since the iron overlapping money was reduced. The construction time was reduced about one month and a total cost benefit of $40,000 was obtained by the company. Fig.3. Usage of climbing forms By making the germination with spraying method, a serious time reduction was provided. By making a supporting wall, the time was reduced without the change in costs. Using theShow MoreRelatedDefine Value Engineering Analysis3363 Words   |  14 Pages2) Define value engineering analysis. Discuss briefly the various approaches for VE and VA. Value Engineering (VE) or Value Analysis (VA) is an important and powerful approach for improvement in the performance of the products, systems or procedures and reduction in costs without jeopardising their function. L.D. Miles defined Value Analysis in his book Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering (1961) as an organised creative approach which has for its purpose the efficient identificationRead MoreProject Life Cycle2928 Words   |  12 PagesApplication of Value Analysis/Engineering methods during different Phases of Project Life Cycle CONTENTS PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 3. INTRODUCTION 5 3.1 Value Engineering defined 5 3.2 Project life Cycle defined 7 3.3 Phases of Project Life Cycle 7 4. APPLICATION 9 4.1 Definition for ConstructionRead MoreA Supplier Selection, Evaluation and Re-Evaluation Model for Textile Retail Organizations5854 Words   |  24 PagesORGANIZATIONS TEKSTÄ °L PERAKENDE ORGANÄ °ZASYONLARINA YÃâ€"NELÄ °K TEDARÄ °KÇÄ ° SEÇÄ °M, DEÄžERLENDÄ °RME VE YENÄ °DEN DEÄžERLENDÄ °RME MODELÄ ° AÅŸkÄ ±ner GÃÅ"NGÃâ€"R Pamukkale University Industrial Engineering Department e-mail: askiner@pau.edu.tr Semih COÅžKUN Pamukkale University Industrial Engineering Department Gà ¼ngà ¶r DURUR Pamukkale University Textile Engineering Department Hacer GÃÅ"NER GÃâ€"REN Pamukkale University Industrial Engineering Department ABSTRACT In general, supplier selection is a multi-criteria decisionRead MorePlanning For A Construction Project1802 Words   |  8 Pagesthen billed for. The developer salaries are direct costs. †¢ Sunk Costs: Sunk expenses are those which have been incurred in a challenge, but have no longer produced value towards the undertaking’s goals Figure 3.2 Components of Project cost. 3.2.3.2 Cost Reduction Techniques So, there are various value powerful strategies of production. Lots of them also are strength efficient and easily adoptable. Since India is a developing country, the economy haves importance ThereRead MoreVALUE AND RISK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR DYNAMIC BRIEF DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION8325 Words   |  34 PagesEmirates Journal for Engineering Research, 10 (2), 23-36 (2005) (Regular Paper) VALUE AND RISK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR DYNAMIC BRIEF DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION A.A.E. OTHMAN Department of Social Services and Commercial Buildings, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates aothman@emirates.net.ae (Received August 2005 and accepted November 2005) †«Ã˜ §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ »Ë†Ã¯ º ®Ã¯ » ³Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ º ¤Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ´Ã¯ ºâ€ ï »Å¸Ã¯ »Å'ï » ¤Ã¯ »  Ã¯ » ´Ã¯ ºâ€ Ø §Ã¯ º ³Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ º ¨Ã¯ » ¼Ã˜ µ ï » £Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€žÃ¯ »  Ã¯ ºâ€™Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ º ¸Ã¯ º ®Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ¹ ï ºâ€"ï º ¤Ã¯ º ªÃ˜ ¯ ï ºâ€"ï »â€žÃ¯ » ®Ã¯ » ³Ã¯ º ® Ù‡ï º ¬Ã¯ » © Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€žÃ¯ »  Ã¯ ºâ€™Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ² ï » £Ã¯ º ®Ã¯ º £Ã¯ »  Ã¯ ºâ€ ï » £Ã¯ »Å'ï » ´Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ ºâ€. Ù‡ï º ¬Ã˜ § Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ »Ë†Ã¯ » ®Ã˜ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¬ .†«Ã¯ » ³Ã¯ »Å'ï » ®Ã™â€š Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã¯ »â€¹Ã¯ »Å¾ ï ºâ€˜Ã¯ » ´Ã¯ » ¦ Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ »Å¡ Ùˆ Ø §Ã¯ »Å¸Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ º ¼Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ » ¢Ã˜Å' Ø ¢Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ ºÅ½ ï » ³Ã¯ » ¤Ã¯ » ¨Ã¯ »Å  Ø §Ã¯ » »Ã¯ º ³Ã¯ ºËœÃ¯ »â€Ã¯ ºÅ½Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ ©Read MoreInstructional Design Models And Their Effectiveness For Asynchronous Online Curriculum Development3044 Words   |  13 Pageswho charged that ID Models are just boxes and arrows, they have no practical value in real life instructional design projects? (55) Before answer the questions please read the articles called â€Å"what is instructional design?†, â€Å"Making Instructional Design Dictions† and â€Å"Selected Instructional Design Models and Their Effectiveness for Asynchronous Online Curriculum Development† Instructional Design explain as â€Å"a systematic process that is employed to develop education and training programs in a consistentRead MoreChinese Construction Firms And The International Market4181 Words   |  17 Pagesfacilitated Chinese construction firms to explore pursue the overseas markets. The data from the China Statistics Yearbook (2015) displays states that the international turnover value produced by Chinese construction firms increased from $17.468 billion dollars in 2004 to 142.411 billion dollars in 2014; their overseas contracted value grew from $23.844 billion dollars in 2004 to $191.756 billion dollars in 2014; and dispatched a total of 292,570 dispatched labourers send to overseas projects in 2014 (NationalRead MoreContinual Improvement (Total Quality Management)3503 Words   |  15 Pagesstatistical method used to separate variation produced b y special causes and varation produced by natural causes. This is done so that it is possible to eliminate the sp ecial causes and to establish and maintain consistency in the process, allowing the process to be improved. A Process refers to everything that is done in a workplace. Multiple factors affect these processes and they are usually refered to as the Five M’s. The Five M’s are, the Machines employed, Materials used, the Methods(manualsRead MoreTotal Quality Management: Ability to Deliver High-Quality Products and Services to Customers4370 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Total quality management (TQM) is the organization-wide effort to install and make permanent a climate in which it continuously improves its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. While there is no widely agreed-upon approach, TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously-developed tools and techniques of quality control. As a business phenomenon, TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being overshadowed by ISO 9000, LeanRead MoreOrganisation Behaviour Ans Sociology of Work Essay (Management)3296 Words   |  14 Pagespeople of the workplace and its environment. It shows focus on the values and norms of how things are done and approached in organisations, the patterns of order and task completion. The are three levels of culture according to Shein (1992), cultural artifacts, values and basic assumptions, with cultural artefacts being the only tangible, visible one, embedding such things as traditions, logos and the type of people within it. The values aspect depicts the group thought and their expectation of the

Theme of Growing up in Spies by Michael Frayn Essay

How does the author Michael Frayn discuss the theme of growing up? The theme of growing up is just one of many in the novel Spies. Frayn shows us Keith and Stephen?s coming of age throughout the book. There are numerous ways in which Frayn chooses to illustrate how the two young boys mature within their sexuality, maturity and general understanding in various ways. The reader is given a deep insight on the hardships, excitement and incomprehensions of childhood and how the boys mature to conquer it, making the reader in return remember similar aspects of their childhood. You become drawn in by the cleverly conceived and intricately executed storyline. It becomes clear when the boys begin to grow up as time goes on as the secrets are†¦show more content†¦he responds by ?thrashing about like a beached fish? in an attempt to recover it while urgently bellowing ?NO?. He realises that if he never brought her here, this would have never happened, but thus is a result of his actions and his newly formed daring and adventurous personality. During h is time with Barbara, in a shock to the audience, Stephen experiences his first kiss with her as ?she leans forward? towards his lips and thus consequently taking a few steps further out of childhood and establishing maturity with his new found taste for the opposite sex and participation in sexual activity. The thought of Stephen being involved with these kinds of doings during the earlier stages of the book would have been purposterous. A little after that he experiences his first cigarette which is iconic for adult life and denotes maturity. The thought of an under aged minor smoking is seen as an attempt to enter early adulthood and just sheer disobedience and lack of respect for the law and his parents wishes. Yet another way in which he is growing up and rebelling to a certain extent. Stephen also experiences growing up by entering a new stage of nobility and courage. When Keith?s father demands him to hand over the basket he remains ?silent? while perplexedly ?looking at the floor?. He himself realises near impossible revelation and instatement of nobility as he acknowledges that this is ?the bravest and mostShow MoreRelatedMichael Frayn Spies Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesSpies Coursework Essay Michael Frayn’s method of shifting between past and present while narrating the novel Spies makes the story more engaging and more moving for the reader. He is able to effectively portray the innocence of childhood through narrating as an old man looking back at himself growing up in WWII and as a young boy living at the time. Frayn also uses shifts between past and present to better employ certain key themes such as withholding information, which is able to enhance how engaging

Abortion Clinics Should Not Be Closed In The U.S. Essay Example For Students

Abortion Clinics Should Not Be Closed In The U.S. Essay Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt!AbortionClinics Should Not be Closed in the U.S. In 1973, the Supreme Courts decision madeit possible for women to get safe, legal abortions from well-trained medicalsurgeons, and therefore led to dramatic decreases in pregnancy-relatedinjury and death (abortion). Now there is a new proposal to close abortionclinics. This proposal takes away the privacy rights of American womenthat are guaranteed by our Constitution. By closing abortion clinics thegovernment is not only taking away womens rights, but is also punishingthose whom want to exercise their right of a pro-choice woman. Abortion clinics allow thousands of womenevery year to have abortions. Having the abortion should be womans personalchoice. By closing these clinics, there will be no providers to performthe operation, so the choice has already been made for them. Closing theclinics will increase the barriers of having an abortion. When there aretoo many obstacles, the right to make their own choice is taken away fromthem. In 1973 the American Supreme Court ruled that Americans right toprivacy included: the right of a woman to decide whether to have children,and the right of a woman and her doctor to make that decision without stateinterference (abortion). The Constitution says we have a right to privacy,so taking away a womans chance to make decisions about her own body violatesthat right. The American Civil Liberties Union defendsthe Constitution and peoples rights. ACLU has protected the rights of abortionfor women, and in recent years has argued mayor cases opposing restrictionsthat deny woman access to reproductive health care (ACLU). Policy 263states: The ACLU holds that every woman, as a matter of her right to theenjoyment of life, liberty, and privacy, should be free to determine whetherand when to bear children.(The American Civil Liberties Union)The closure of abortion clinics will bedone with the purpose to reduce the number of abortions. This raises thequestion whether this will be an effective method or not. Before 1973 abortionswere illegal yet the number of women who sought abortions did not decrease(abortion). Before 1973 many thousands of women died or suffered seriousmedical problems after attempting to perform their own abortions, or goingto untrained doctors who performed cheap abortions with uncivilized methodsor in unsanitary conditions (The Abortion Law Homepage.). If clinics areclosed, women will still continue to attempt, and succeed, in ending unwantedpregnancies just like before 1973. Women will risk their health and possiblyeven their lives. By keeping these abortions clinics open it ensures ahigher probability that the women who do have abortions will be in a safe,sanitary environment, and therefore injuries will be fewer in number. If clinics are shut, the waiting listsof abortion clinics in other countries will be much longer. Women willhave to wait longer to get an abortion, and will be treated later in theirpregnancy which is much more dangerous for the pregnant women. Pro-life activists claim that the unbornbaby is alive and has feelings when the heart begins beating. But, theheartbeat begins between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth day (Fetus). They also say that women who have abortions are murderers. This problemcould be solved by keeping abortion clinics open, because then the womancan be treated before the twenty fifth day when the fetus is not yet aliving baby. She will not have to wait because of long waiting lists, butinstead will have the abortion as soon as possible with as less psychologicalpain. .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 , .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .postImageUrl , .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 , .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:hover , .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:visited , .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:active { border:0!important; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:active , .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17 .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1d725c9365a51faf049286b05b618c17:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dear Boy Letter Sample EssayIf a woman has to travel to another countryto have a legal abortion, she will have to pay more money. She will nownot only have to pay for the abortion itself, but also the traveling costsand that does not include the psychological costs as well. Not all peoplecan afford these costs. So by keeping clinics open more women will havethe chance to exercise their right and have their desired abortion. Ifa working woman or student suddenly has to leave the country, this meansshe will have to think of excuses and lies for an explanation. This isnot fair to the woman, she should not have to explain herself to anyone,it is her body and therefore she can do what she wants, she does not needother peoples consult. Abortion clinics are not a butchers placewhere young babies are murdered. They provide a choice for women whetheror not to bring a child into this world. What is worse: taking away the life ofan unborn child that is not even aware of life itself yet, or a motherbringing an unwanted child into this world, knowing that she will not beable to take care of it, and that her child will have to suffer from thepoor circumstances in which she lives. As of now the woman has the abilityto make that choice and save the child from poor, possibly abusive or hatefilled environment. Personally I feel that living in a circumstance suchas abuse is worse than the abortion of the fetus. Rape victims should alsobe able to have an abortion because they know that if they were to keepthe child, they would cringe when she thought about whom contributed tothe other half of the child. The offspring will be a painful reminder tothe rape victim. She did not choose to take the responsibility of a childand therefore should not have to pay the consequences. A woman who cannotlove her child has no right to have a baby in the first place. One option for women who are not able totake care of their baby is adoption. Yet she will have to carry the babyfor nine months and then give it up. Not all women are able to do thisphysically or psychologically. After the pregnancy she will have to hopethat their baby will find a good and loving home. And this is not alwaysthe case. The child will possibly have to suffer from living in orphanageswaiting to get adopted. Adoption can not always be seen as a good solutionto unwanted pregnancies. The advantage of closing abortion clinicscould be that woman will be forced to take the responsibility over theirbaby, and give their unborn child the right to life. But it can not beseen as something entirely positive. The mother will always regard thechild as a mistake and will never love it the way she would have if shehad wanted to keep the child. Getting an abortion does not always meanthat the woman is only thinking of herself, she also thinks on behalf ofher baby. Abortion clinics do not make the choice easier, nor do they forcethe woman into the surgery. People who are against abortion having thechoice not to have one. It is not fair to take away the choice of peoplewho do want one. List of works consulted:Abortion. Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. 1999 ed. ACLU. Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. 1999ed. Fetus. Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. 1999ed. The Abortion Law Homepage. Abortion LawHomepage. 24 November 1996. (11 March 2000). http://members.aol.com/abtrbng/index.htmThe American Civil Liberties Union. AbortionClinic Access Law. 1997. (11 March 2000). http://www.aclu.org/library/aaabort.html